Balancing farmers’ rights and breeders’ rights remains one of agriculture’s toughest policy challenges. While breeders’ rights incentivize innovation by protecting commercial seed development, farmers’ rights recognize traditional practices of saving and exchanging seed. The real test for policymakers lies in defining where commercial activity ends and household food security begins. India’s experience shows both the promise and pitfalls of combining these rights in one law — a lesson in how nuanced, balanced definitions could finally move the global debate from confrontation to constructive dialogue.
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